Approche générale pour le patient

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L'entretien médical remplit plusieurs fonctions. Il est utilisé pour 
recueillir de l'information pour faciliter le diagnostic («l'histoire» de 
la maladie actuelle), d'évaluer et de communiquer pronostic, 
à établir une relation thérapeutique, et à parvenir à un accord 
avec le patient sur ​​d'autres procédures de diagnostic 
et les options thérapeutiques. Il sert également comme une occasion de 
influence le comportement du patient, comme dans les discussions de motivation 
sur l'abandon du tabac ou l'observance du traitement. 
Les techniques d'entrevue qui évitent la domination par le clinicien 
augmenter la participation des patients dans les soins et le patient 
satisfaction. Communication de clinicien-patient 
et la participation accrue des patients peut améliorer la santé 
résultats.

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Medical negligence

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Doctors may sometimes fall foul of the criminal law (this is discussed in relevant sections over the next four chapters) but the majority of cases against doctors are heard in the civil courts. Civil law cases involving doctors are usually actions in medical negligence. There are some basic components of a medical negligence action. A duty of care: it must be shown that the defendant (that is the person or authority accused of negligence) owed the claimant (that is the injured party or the person accusing the defendant of negligence) a duty of care: • The duty of care of a GP crystallizes when the patient registers with that GP and then consults with the GP on the occasion in question. • The duty of care of a hospital doctor crystallizes when the patient is formally accepted into hospital. English law does not oblige doctors to give emergency treatment outside of the above situations except when: • a patient presents to an A&E department • when a GP is requested ...
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ETHICAL THEORIES

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Ethical theories attempt to provide an over-arching theoretical framework for addressing the problem of how human beings should behave with one another in the world. There are three key theories which have historically dominated medical ethics teaching: Utilitarianism, Deontology and Virtue Ethics. More recent frameworks attempt to reconcile different theories and values. The widely taught four principles of biomedical ethics attributed to Beauchamp and Childress is one such attempt. ‘Values-Based Practice’ or ‘Values in Medicine’ has recently gained prominence in psychiatry and general practice, and is taught on some undergraduate medical degrees (these theories are considered below).
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DUTIES FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

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The GMC also sets out duties for medical students. Medical students have legal restrictions on the clinical work they can do, but must be aware that they are often doing things that a qualified doctor might do (such as ‘taking a history’) and that their activities will affect patients. Patients may see students as knowledgeable, and may consider them to have the same responsibilities and duties as a doctor. Students must be aware that their behaviour outside the clinical environment, including in their personal lives, may have an impact on their fitness to practise (professional boundaries are discussed later in this chapter). Therefore: • students have a duty to make sure that patients know that they are students and not doctors. For example: should medical undergraduates introduce themselves as medical students or as student doctors? The title ‘Student doctor’ could mislead a patient that the person seeing them is medically qualified • students have a duty to beha...
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